TAMRA-PEG4-TFP ester | CAS 2183472-90-2

TAMRA-PEG4-TFP ester, also known as 5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine poly(ethylene glycol)4 N-succinimidyl ester, is a fluorescent labeling reagent used extensively in biochemistry and molecular biology. It is a conjugate of the TAMRA fluorophore linked through a PEG4 spacer to a TFP (tetrafluorophenyl) ester, which facilitates amide bond formation with primary amines, enabling efficient labeling of biomolecules. TAMRA itself is a rhodamine dye derivative known for its photostability and bright fluorescence, usually emitting in the orange-red spectrum. This characteristic makes it particularly suitable for fluorescence-based applications such as flow cytometry, microscopy, and other imaging techniques. The PEG4 linker in TAMRA-PEG4-TFP ester offers additional advantages by improving the solubility of the dye-conjugate and reducing steric hindrance, thus enhancing coupling efficiency with target biomolecules.

One of the primary applications of TAMRA-PEG4-TFP ester is in fluorescence microscopy, a technique used to visualize and study biological specimens with high specificity and sensitivity. Due to its high photostability and bright fluorescence, TAMRA-PEG4-TFP ester is effective in labeling proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules, allowing researchers to observe cellular processes in real-time. The use of TAMRA conjugates in fixed or live-cell imaging enables detailed subcellular localization studies of proteins, tracking of nucleic acid interactions, and examination of dynamic cellular events without significant photobleaching. This application is particularly valuable in cellular biology, cancer research, and neurobiology, where high-resolution, live-cell imaging is crucial for understanding complex physiological processes.

Another significant application of TAMRA-PEG4-TFP ester is in flow cytometry, a technology that enables the rapid analysis of cell populations based on fluorescent labeling. By attaching TAMRA to specific antibodies or ligands, researchers can quantify and sort cells based on the presence of target antigens or receptors. The high fluorescence intensity and stability of TAMRA labels make them ideal for use in multicolor flow cytometry, where multiple fluorophores are used simultaneously to analyze different cell markers. This capability is essential for immunophenotyping, where simultaneous detection of multiple immune cell markers provides insights into the immune system’s status and functionality, often used in immunology and oncology research.

TAMRA-PEG4-TFP ester is also employed in the development of fluorescent molecular probes for in vitro assays and diagnostic applications. The ester’s reactivity allows for the conjugation of TAMRA to small molecules, peptides, or oligonucleotides, creating fluorescent probes that can be used to detect biomolecular interactions, enzymatic activities, or changes in the cellular environment. Such probes are crucial in drug discovery and development, where they facilitate high-throughput screening of compound libraries to identify potential therapeutic targets or inhibitors. Additionally, in clinical diagnostics, these fluorescent probes can be used to develop assays for early disease detection, aiding in the identification of biomarkers associated with various medical conditions.

Lastly, TAMRA-PEG4-TFP ester plays a crucial role in bioconjugation for the development of therapeutic biomolecules and drug delivery systems. By attaching TAMRA to therapeutic proteins or nanoparticles, it is possible to track the distribution and targeting of these molecules in vivo using imaging techniques. This application is particularly valuable in the field of targeted drug delivery, where it is critical to ensure that therapeutic agents reach their desired tissues or organs while minimizing off-target effects. TAMRA’s fluorescence provides an efficient means to visualize and optimize delivery mechanisms, enhance the understanding of biodistribution patterns, and facilitate the refinement of therapeutic strategies. Hence, TAMRA-PEG4-TFP ester not only serves as a versatile labeling reagent but also contributes significantly to advancing therapeutic research and development.