Cell and Organelle Stains
- Apoptosis Fluorescent Probes
- Cell membrane Fluorescent Probes
- Cell proliferation tracer Fluorescent Probes
- Cytoskeleton Fluorescent Probes
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Fluorescent Probes
- Golgi Fluorescent Probes
- Lipid Fluorescent Probes
- Lysosomal Fluorescent Probes
- Mitochondrial Fluorescent Probes
- Nerve Terminal Probes
- Nuclear Fluorescent Probes
- Other Cell Fluorescent Probes
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Cell staining and tracing reagents are important tools for tracking cells in complex environment. They are widely used in the study of cell migration, wound healing and stem cell differentiation. The research of cell movement and localization requires special stains, which must be non-toxic to living cells, and have a variety of fluorescent colors to choose at the same time, so as to match with different instrument laser wavelengths and filters, and can be co stained with antibody labeling or other cell analysis labeling probes.
Characteristics of Cell and Organelle Stains
Cell and organelle stains should have excellent core structure, stable reaction groups and good photostability to ensure the high stability and high labeling efficiency of biological coupling. It is used to monitor cell movement, localization, proliferation, migration, chemotaxis and invasion. This class of stains can be well retained in living cells for several generations and can display fluorescence for at least one week. The stains will transfer to daughter cells, but not to adjacent cells in the population. It is best to apply to both flow cytometry and fluorescence microscope.
Application of Cell and Organelle Stains
In the field of biomedical research, it is often necessary to selectively and real-time visualize biological small molecules, neutral molecules, metal ions, anions and organelles such as lysosomes, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum through cell imaging. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a variety of fluorescent probes and stains to meet different analysis and research needs.
- Probes targeting mitochondrial ROS have been widely used to study many disease-related mitochondrial activities. Due to the unique mitochondrial structure and double-layer membrane with negative membrane potential, the probe for mitochondria needs a positively charged scaffold, which should also be highly hydrophobic.
- Many studies have focused on monitoring the oxidation and cleavage function of lysosomes by measuring the pH and redox active chemicals of lysosomes. Lysosomal tracking dyes include a pH sensitive core that produces a fluorescent signal when protonated.
- The nucleus is the container of most DNA in the cell. Some conventional DNA application dyes are mainly DNA intercalators, which are used for the detection and quantification of nucleic acids.
- The most widely used part of targeting endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and golgi is phenylsulfonamide group, which can selectively bind to the rich cyclooxygenase (COX) in ER membrane. Therefore, this class of probes have similar scaffolds, phenylsulfonamide groups conjugated to fluorophores, can detect chemicals in ER and golgi matrix.
- Previously available probes targeting cell membranes generally share a common method, that is, combining environmentally sensitive fluorophores to generate membrane specific signals, and combining membrane fixed parts to minimize the diffusion of probes.
