DNA Staining
BOC Sciences is dedicated to providing high-quality DNA dyes and fluorescent reagents to research and industrial customers. DNA dye products from our company serve multiple scientific fields, including DNA detection and cell analysis, enabling researchers to carry out DNA quantification and structural analysis more effectively. Our DNA dyes demonstrate outstanding performance and dependability across basic research and clinical applications. Our products demonstrate both high sensitivity and specificity, while their compatibility with multiple detection technologies allows them to meet diverse experimental requirements. Additionally, our company provides tailored services that help clients identify the optimal reagent solutions according to their specific research objectives.
What is DNA Staining?
DNA staining employs fluorescent dyes to attach to DNA strands, which then emit fluorescence under ultraviolet light or specific wavelengths, thereby enabling scientists to visualize and measure DNA. The technique of DNA staining finds extensive application in life sciences research and genetic analysis as well as cell cycle studies alongside oncology research and molecular diagnostics. The main application of DNA staining in laboratory settings includes the detection of DNA molecule location and concentration as well as structural assessment alongside tracking cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Common DNA staining methods include fluorescent dye staining (such as DAPI, Hoechst 33342, PI staining) and non-fluorescent dye staining (such as acridine orange, toluidine blue). With technological advancements, DNA fluorescence staining has become an indispensable tool in molecular biology experiments.
Technological Advantages of BOC Sciences in DNA Stains
Comprehensive Product Offering
BOC Sciences provides a full range of DNA fluorescence dyes, from classical dyes to high-performance custom dyes, to meet various research needs.High Sensitivity and Low Background Signal
We optimize the molecular structure to enhance fluorescence signal intensity and experimental sensitivity, while reducing background noise.Superior Light Stability
Using innovative molecular modification techniques, we improve the dye's resistance to photobleaching, ensuring the stability of long-duration imaging experiments.Wide Spectral Coverage
Whether UV, blue, or red light excitation, we provide suitable dye options to meet the needs of different experimental platforms.Wide Application Compatibility
Our fluorescence dyes are compatible with a variety of DNA detection technologies, supporting different experimental platforms and detection methods.Customization Services
We offer custom synthesis of fluorescence dyes, including specific wavelength ranges, cell permeability improvements, conjugation modifications, etc.Strict Quality Control
From raw material selection to final product shipment, every batch of dye undergoes rigorous quality control testing to ensure compliance with international standards and high customer requirements.Comprehensive Technical Support
We maintain close communication with customers in product selection, experimental design, and technical problem-solving, ensuring that we respond to customer needs promptly and provide the most suitable products and services.
Transform Your Genetic Research with Our High-Quality DNA Stains
With its rich experience in fluorescent dye synthesis and optimization, BOC Sciences offers a variety of fluorescent reagents for DNA staining, including classic DNA dyes, high-sensitivity fluorescent dyes, and fluorescent probes for specific applications. These dyes are widely used in fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR), fluorescence gel electrophoresis, and molecular diagnostics, meeting the diverse needs of both basic research and industrial applications.
| Category | Fluorescent Dye | Excitation/Emission Wavelength (nm) | Characteristics & Applications |
| Classic DNA Stains | Propidium Iodide (PI) | 535/617 | Cannot penetrate intact cell membranes; commonly used for dead cell staining and cell cycle analysis in flow cytometry. |
| DAPI | 358/461 | Binds to the DNA minor groove and emits blue fluorescence; widely used for fixed cell nuclear staining in fluorescence microscopy. | |
| Hoechst 33258/33342 | 352/461 | Permeable to live cells, suitable for live-cell DNA staining; widely used in cell imaging and cell cycle studies. | |
| Ethidium Bromide (EtBr) | 302/590 | A traditional nucleic acid gel electrophoresis stain that intercalates into double-stranded DNA and emits orange-red fluorescence but is somewhat toxic. | |
| High-Sensitivity DNA Stains | SYBR Green I/SYBR Green II | 494/521 | Suitable for qPCR detection; safe and highly sensitive, serving as an effective alternative to EtBr. |
| GelRed/GelGreen | 302, 470/590, 525 | Safe and highly sensitive nucleic acid gel stains, ideal for fluorescence gel electrophoresis, enhancing nucleic acid detection resolution. | |
| YOYO-1/YOYO-3 | 491, 612/509, 631 | Ultra-high affinity double-stranded DNA dyes, suitable for single-molecule DNA studies and super-resolution imaging. | |
| Specialized Fluorescent Probes | TOTO-1/TOTO-3 | 514, 642/533, 660 | High-sensitivity DNA probes used for low-concentration DNA detection, single-molecule sequencing, and super-resolution microscopy. |
| SYTO Fluorescent Dyes | Various Variants | Suitable for live-cell DNA staining; compatible with RNA/DNA dual detection in flow cytometry. | |
| FAM/HEX/Cy5-Labeled Oligonucleotide Probes | 495/517 (FAM), 535/556 (HEX), 650/670 (Cy5) | Used in qPCR, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and genome detection, providing high-sensitivity and high-specificity signal output. |
Fluorescent Dyes Compatible with Multiple DNA Detection Technologies
The DNA fluorescent dyes from BOC Sciences are meticulously designed and optimized to be compatible with a variety of DNA detection technologies, catering to the diverse experimental needs in research, medical, and industrial applications. The fluorescent dyes we provide have been rigorously tested for sensitivity, specificity, photostability, and biocompatibility, ensuring their reliability and reproducibility across various detection systems. The following are the main DNA detection technologies supported by BOC Sciences' fluorescent dyes:
Flow Cytometry
Flow cytometry is a high-throughput analysis technique based on fluorescence labeling, used to precisely measure DNA content in individual cells. Fluorescent dyes from BOC Sciences, such as Propidium Iodide (PI), 7-AAD (7-aminoactinomycin D), and SYTO series dyes, can be used for cell cycle analysis, cell proliferation studies, and apoptosis detection.
Real-Time Quantitative PCR
Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) is a widely used technique for gene expression analysis, pathogen detection, and mutation screening, relying on the changes in fluorescence signals from fluorescent dyes to monitor the DNA amplification process in real-time. Dyes provided by BOC Sciences, such as SYBR Green and EvaGreen, specifically bind to DNA and produce fluorescence signals during the PCR amplification process, enabling real-time monitoring of DNA amplification.
Fluorescent Gel Electrophoresis
Gel electrophoresis is a classic DNA analysis technique primarily used for the separation and quantitative analysis of DNA fragments. Traditionally, ethidium bromide (EtBr) has been widely used for DNA staining, but due to its potential mutagenic properties, researchers now prefer using safer fluorescent dyes. DNA gel dyes from BOC Sciences, such as GelRed, GelGreen, and SYBR Gold, offer high sensitivity, low toxicity, and good fluorescence signal stability, making them suitable for agarose or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization is a molecular technique used to detect specific DNA sequences, widely applied in genomic analysis, genetic disease diagnosis, and cancer research. Fluorescent dyes offered by BOC Sciences, such as the Alexa Fluor series, Cyanine dyes (Cy3, Cy5), and Atto series, can be used to label probes, enhancing the fluorescence signal intensity of DNA hybridization, thereby improving the clarity of target DNA detection.
Single-Molecule Fluorescence Detection (SMFD)
In recent years, significant progress has been made in single-molecule fluorescence detection technologies, such as FRET Microscopy and single-molecule fluorescence imaging (smFISH), in the field of DNA research. High-performance fluorescent dyes from BOC Sciences can be used for DNA conformational analysis, protein-DNA interaction studies, and super-resolution imaging technologies (such as STORM and PALM), improving the precision of molecular biology research.
Fluorescence Microscopy
DNA dyes offered by BOC Sciences, such as DAPI and Hoechst 33258/33342, bind specifically to the minor groove of DNA and emit bright blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light. These dyes are widely used for nuclear staining, assisting researchers in observing cell division, changes in nuclear morphology, and chromatin distribution. Additionally, our fluorescent dyes can also be used in confocal microscopy to provide high-resolution DNA fluorescence signals, enabling more precise studies of cellular substructures.
Strict Quality Control System Ensures the Accuracy of Experimental Results
BOC Sciences adheres to a strict quality control system to ensure that the DNA fluorescence stains provided have high stability, high sensitivity, and high reproducibility in various biological experiments and analytical applications. We follow an international standard quality management system, which covers every stage from raw material selection, synthesis optimization, purification testing, to the release of the final product. Each step is monitored rigorously to ensure the excellence and consistency of the product's performance.
- Raw Material Selection: We only select high-quality raw materials for synthesis and strictly control impurity levels to avoid affecting the dye's fluorescence performance and biocompatibility.
- Synthesis Optimization: We use advanced synthetic processes to ensure the chemical stability of the dye's structure, avoid photobleaching effects, and enhance the persistence of fluorescence signals.
- Purification and Refining: We utilize efficient purification methods, such as HPLC, column chromatography, and electrophoresis, to remove unreacted by-products and solvent residues, ensuring high purity of the DNA dyes.
- Quality Testing: All fluorescence dyes undergo rigorous quality checks before being released, including spectral analysis, fluorescence quantum yield tests, thermal stability tests, pH tolerance tests, and cytotoxicity assessments, to ensure compatibility in various applications.
- Batch Consistency Testing: Through HPLC and fluorescence spectral analysis, we ensure that dyes from different batches exhibit identical absorption and emission spectra.
- Long-Term Storage Stability Testing: Storage experiments are conducted under different temperatures, pH conditions, and light environments to ensure that the dye does not degrade during long-term storage.
- pH Adaptability Testing: Dye stability is assessed across various pH conditions.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Application Validation: Functional tests in various experimental systems (such as fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, qPCR, etc.) are performed to ensure the dye's reliability and compatibility.
- COA (Certificate of Analysis) and MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet): Detailed testing reports and safety instructions are provided for each batch of products, ensuring safe use in experiments.
Advanced Analytical Testing Instruments
- High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
- Mass Spectrometer (MS)
- UV-Vis Spectrophotometer
- Fluorescence Spectrophotometer
- Flow Cytometer
- Real-Time qPCR System
- Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM)
- Gel Imaging System
DNA Fluorescent Stains in Research Applications
The DNA fluorescent dyes provided by BOC Sciences are widely applied in various research fields, including molecular biology, genetics, medical diagnostics, drug development, and environmental science. With high sensitivity, selectivity, and excellent optical stability, our dyes can be used in DNA detection, cell imaging, gene expression analysis, cell cycle research, DNA damage detection, genetic variation analysis, and environmental microorganism monitoring, among others.
Cell Imaging and Nucleic Acid Staining
Fluorescent dyes are used to stain nucleic acids in live or fixed cells for detecting the distribution of DNA or RNA. For example, DAPI and Hoechst dyes can penetrate the cell membrane and selectively bind to the A-T rich regions of DNA, making them widely used in fluorescence microscopy and confocal microscopy studies. These dyes are useful for visualizing cell nuclei, studying the cell cycle, and analyzing nuclear morphology, enabling researchers to observe cell structures and obtain more accurate experimental data in disease research and drug screening.
Cell Cycle and DNA Replication Studies
Researching the regulation of the cell cycle is crucial for understanding cell growth, cancer development, and anticancer drug development. Nucleoside analogs such as BrdU (5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine) and EdU (5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine) can be incorporated into cells during DNA replication. After fluorescent labeling, they can be used to detect DNA synthesis activity in S-phase cells. Additionally, DNA fluorescent dyes like DAPI and Hoechst can be used to analyze cell cycle distribution, providing important data support for cell biology and cancer research.
DNA Damage and Repair Studies
DNA damage detection is an important research direction for assessing genotoxicity, radiation damage, and the effects of environmental pollutants. Specific fluorescent probes provided by BOC Sciences can be used to detect DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), single-strand breaks (SSB), and base oxidation damage. For example, γ-H2AX antibody labeling combined with fluorescence microscopy can detect DNA damage sites, while SYBR Green or PI staining, commonly used in the comet assay, can quantify DNA damage in cells. These studies are significant for cancer treatment, antioxidant evaluation, and environmental toxicology research.
Genetic Variation Analysis and Genotyping
DNA fluorescent dyes are widely used in gene mutation, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis, and DNA methylation research. For example, in fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments, fluorescent probes can be used to detect chromosomal structural variations, while qPCR dyes can be used for quantitative gene copy number changes. Additionally, microarray technology combined with fluorescently labeled DNA can perform large-scale genotyping analysis, helping researchers explore molecular mechanisms related to genetic diseases.
Drug Screening and Cancer Research
DNA fluorescent dyes are used in drug screening processes to assess cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and DNA damage. For example, in anticancer drug research, researchers commonly use fluorescent probes such as Hoechst 33342, DAPI, or PI to evaluate the effects of drugs on the cell nucleus. At the same time, flow cytometry combined with Annexin V/PI double staining can detect drug-induced cell death. Moreover, the study of DNA damage repair mechanisms is crucial for developing new anticancer drugs.
FAQs About DNA Staining
How does ETBR stain DNA?
ETBR stains DNA by intercalating between base pairs in the DNA double helix, particularly the gaps between adenine (A) and thymine (T). When excited by ultraviolet light, ETBR emits fluorescence, with the intensity of the emitted light being proportional to the DNA content, thus making it useful for DNA detection.
How does ethidium bromide stain DNA?
Ethidium bromide is a fluorescent dye that intercalates between the base pairs of the DNA double helix, particularly forming hydrophobic interactions with adenine and thymine. When exposed to ultraviolet light, ethidium bromide emits bright green fluorescence, a property used to visualize DNA.
How does methylene blue stain DNA?
Methylene blue is a commonly used dye that binds to DNA by forming electrostatic interactions with the phosphate groups of DNA. After binding, methylene blue appears blue and is often used for observing DNA structure in cell nuclei under a microscope, suitable for low-sensitivity DNA detection.
How does SYBR Safe stain DNA?
SYBR Safe is a relatively safe fluorescent dye that binds to DNA by intercalating between the base pairs in the DNA double helix. Compared to traditional ethidium bromide, SYBR Safe is less toxic and emits bright green fluorescence under ultraviolet light, making it widely used in gel electrophoresis and fluorescence microscopy for detection.
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