Endoplasmic Reticulum Fluorescent Probe

The endoplasmic reticulum is a series of important biological macromolecules other than nucleic acids in the cell, such as proteins, lipids (such as triglycerides) and sugar synthesis bases. The slippery endoplasmic reticulum also has detoxification functions, such as the slippery endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes containing enzymes to remove fat-soluble waste and metabolically produced harmful substances.

Figure 1. Components of a typical animal cell:8 represents endoplasmic reticulum.

Classification

According to whether there is ribosome attachment on the outer surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum is usually divided into two types: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER).

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The main morphological feature is that the cytoplasmic surface of the retina has ribosomal particles attached, and hence the name. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is mostly arranged in a squamous sac. It is mainly related to the synthesis, processing and transport of exogenous proteins and various membrane proteins. Therefore, in cells having a function of secreting peptide hormones or proteins, rough endoplasmic reticulum is developed, such as pancreatic cells, plasma cells, and the like. Relatively underdeveloped in undifferentiated or poorly differentiated cells, such as embryonic cells, tumor cells, etc.

Figure 2. Rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, SER

Under the electron microscope, it has a smooth small tube and a small bubble-like network structure, which is often connected with the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is a multifunctional organelle. In different cells, different developmental stages of different cells or different physiological periods, their morphological structure, quantity, intracellular spatial distribution and development degree are quite different, and often exhibit different functional characteristics. For example, Leydig cells, ovarian corpus luteum cells and adrenocortical cells have a large number of smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which is related to the function of their synthetic steroid hormones; the rich smooth surface endoplasmic reticulum in hepatocytes is related to its attenuating function; The smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the striated muscle is specialized into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, which regulates muscle contraction by storing and releasing Ca²⁺.

Figure 3. Slip surface endoplasmic reticulum.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Fluorescent Probe

Endoplasmic reticulum plays an important role in the life activities of mammalian cells as a subcellular organelle. Visualizing the endoplasmic reticulum to further detect its active substances, microenvironment and physiological processes has important guiding value for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In recent years, the design and synthesis of endoplasmic reticulum-targeted fluorescent probes have received more and more attention. BOC Sciences offers a permeable, cell-permeable, live cell dye that is highly selective for ER. Unlike conventional endoplasmic reticulum probes, these probes rarely stain mitochondria, and low concentrations of staining appear to be non-toxic to cells.

Reference:

Porter KR.; et al. A study of tissue culture cells by electron microscopy: methods and preliminary observations. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1945, 81 (3): 233–46.

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