Sodium Probes

Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na (from Latin Natrium) and an atomic number of 11. It is a soft silvery white highly reactive metal. Sodium is an alkali metal in Group 1 of the Periodic Table of the Elements because it has an electron in its outer shell that is easily donated to produce a positively charged ion Na + cation. Its only stable isotope is 23 Na. Free metals are not found in nature and must be prepared from compounds. Sodium is the sixth most abundant element in the earth's crust and is found in many minerals such as feldspar, sodalite and rock salt (NaCl). Many sodium salts are highly water-soluble: sodium ions have been filtered out by the action of water in the earth's minerals, so sodium and chlorine are the most common dissolved elements in the ocean by weight.

Biological role in humans

In humans, sodium is an essential mineral that regulates blood volume, blood pressure, osmotic balance, and pH. The minimum physiological requirement for sodium is 500 mg per day.

Diet

Sodium chloride is the main source of sodium in the diet and is used as a seasoning and preservative in preserved candied and oyster foods. For Americans, most sodium chloride comes from processed foods. Other sources of sodium are their natural presence in foods and food additives such as sodium glutamate (MSG), sodium nitrite, sodium saccharin, baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and sodium benzoate.

Health

Studies have found that a 2 g reduction in sodium intake per day reduces systolic blood pressure by about 2-4 mmHg. It is estimated that this reduction in sodium intake will result in a 9% to 17% reduction in cases of hypertension. High blood pressure causes 7.6 million premature deaths worldwide each year. Please note that the salt contains approximately 39.3% sodium, the remainder being chlorine and trace chemicals. Therefore, 2.3 grams of sodium is about 5.9 grams of salt or 5.3 milliliters of salt, which is about one teaspoon. The American Heart Association recommends a daily sodium content of no more than 1.5 grams.

Sodium Probes

Sodium ions belong to ion-selective channels across the cell membrane and are used to regulate and produce membrane potential. They are typically divided into two categories: one is a voltage-gated channel that changes or is turned on or off depending on the membrane potential; the other is a ligand gate or ion-activated channel that is activated by binding to a ligand or ion. Sodium and potassium ions are extremely important in excitatory cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes because they functionally create action potentials and resting membrane potentials of resting cells.

The sodium ion indicator probe is a Na⁺ selective fluorescent indicator that can be used to predict the purification of mitochondrial Na⁺ gradients, detect intracellular Na⁺ levels, measure cellular Na⁺ efflux, and use in combination with other fluorescent indicators to analyze Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentrations. Correlation between intracellular pH and membrane potential changes.

Common applications for (Na⁺ Indicator) sodium ion indicator probes:
1) used to predict the purification of mitochondrial Na⁺ gradient;
2) detecting intracellular Na⁺ levels;
3) measuring the Na⁺ outflow of the cells;
4) Other fluorescent indicators are used in combination to analyze the correlation between Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentrations, intracellular pH and membrane potential changes.

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