Fluoride Probe

BOC Sciences offers a unique fluoride probe that is easy to sequester dissolved fluoride ions and therefore has a unique fluorescence wavelength ratio response with a dissociation constant of 42 mM. It is well known that other halides Cl^-, Br^- and I^- can quench fluorescence, while fluoride seldom quenches fluorescence, so detection and quantification are generally limited to other non-fluorescent techniques, such as ion selective electrodes. Fluoride probes respond in either the absorption wavelength ratio (325-450 nm) or the fluorescence emission wavelength ratio (~400-700 nm) and are ideal for determining the environment, wastewater or physiological fluoride. In addition, it is selective for fluoride in the presence of high concentrations of dissolved chloride and other blood analytes such as glucose. The Stern-Volmer fluorescence quenching constants of I^-, Br^- and Cl^- were 34, 1.4 and 1.0 M^-1, respectively. The average and amplitude-weighted lifetimes of the aqueous (deionized water) fluoride probes were 2.52 and 2.39 ns, respectively.

Physiological Fluoride

Fluoride is an inorganic monoatomic anion of the formula F^- (also known as [F]^-), the salt of which is usually white or colorless. Fluorinated salts generally have a unique bitter taste and are odorless. Its salts and minerals are important chemical and industrial chemicals used primarily for the production of fluorocarbon hydrogen fluoride. Fluoride is classified as a weak base because it is only partially associated in solution, but concentrated fluoride is corrosive and can attack the skin.

Figure 1. Structure of the Fluoride ion.

Fluoride is the simplest fluoride anion. Fluoride ions are similar to hydroxide ions in terms of charge and size. Fluoride ions are present in many minerals on Earth, especially fluorite, but only in trace amounts in nature. Fluoride is present in biological fluids and tissues, especially in bones and teeth. It has been reported that with fluoride ion selective electrodes, typical fluoride levels in the blood range from 20–60 μg l^-1. Fluoride is easily absorbed, but it is slowly excreted from the body, which can lead to chronic poisoning. Fluoride has a strong effect on most enzymes, and acute poisoning caused by fluoride is almost always caused by the blockage of enzyme function. Therefore, it is important to monitor fluoride in the human body. Some disclosed methods for determining fluoride in biological fluids include ion chromatography; fluoride ion selective electrodes; spectrophotometry and gas chromatography.

References:

Cho H.; et al. BeF(3)(-) acts as a phosphate analog in proteins phosphorylated on aspartate: structure of a BeF(3)(-) complex with phosphoserine phosphatase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2001. 98 (15): 8525–30.
Jones, Simon C.; et al. Room-temperature cycling of metal fluoride electrodes: Liquid electrolytes for high-energy fluoride ion cells. Science. 362 (6419): 1144–1148.

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