Cyanide Probes

Cyanide is a compound containing a C≡N group. This group is called a cyano group and is composed of a triple bond of a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom. In inorganic cyanide, a cyanide group is present as an anion CN-. Salts such as sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide are highly toxic. Hydrocyanic acid, also known as hydrogen cyanide or HCN, is a highly volatile liquid that has been produced on a large scale in the industry. Obtained by acidification of cyanide salt. Organic cyanide is commonly referred to as nitrile. In the nitrile, the CN group is attached to the carbon via a covalent bond. For example, in acetonitrile, a cyanide group is bonded to a methyl group (CH3). Since the nitrile does not release cyanide ions, its toxicity is usually much lower than that of cyanide salts. Some nitriles that naturally exist in the form of cyanohydrins release hydrogen cyanide.

Figure 1. Cyanide CN-. Starting from the top: 1. Valence key structure 2. Space filling model 3. Electrostatic potential surface 4. "Carbon pair"

BOC Sciences offers molecular sensors based on free cyanide fluorescence, tailored to physiological measurements, making it ideal for analytical and forensic cyanide detection and environmental monitoring. Our cyanide probes are easy to chelate cyanide and have a relatively high binding constant (cyanide 1-0.12 μM^-3) in the range of important physiological concentrations of free cyanide.

Fluorescence ratios or lifetime-based methods have provided inherent advantages for chemical and biomedical fluorescence sensing, which has been widely accepted. Fluorescence intensity measurements are often unreliable outside the laboratory and may require frequent calibration due to a variety of chemical, optical or other instrumentation related factors. Unfortunately, although fluorescent probes are known to be useful in many applications, such as in fluorescence microscopy, fluorescence sensing, and DNA technology, most sensing fluorophores exhibit changes in intensity only in response to analytes, so today There are relatively few wavelength ratio probes available. Our cyanide probes offer significant advantages in both excitation (colorimetric) and emission wavelength ratio measurements, with excitation and emission wavelengths within a user-friendly range. Cyanide is recognized as one of the most deadly poisons known. The toxic mechanism of cyanide is through physiological absorption. Absorption is carried out through the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract and the skin. Cyanide is highly toxic because it inhibits the use of oxygen by cells and binds to ferric iron in cytochrome oxidase, thereby blocking the oxidation process of cells. Therefore, tissues with the highest demand for oxygen (brain, heart and lung) are most affected by acute poisoning. However, cyanide poisoning is not common, but may be due to residential and industrial fires and inhalation of smoke by people working in the metals, mining, electroplating, jewelry manufacturing and X-ray film recycling industries.

References:

M. H. Smit.; et al. Cyanide detection using a substrate-regenerating, peroxidase-based biosensor. Anal. Chem. 1990, 62: 2429-2438
V. K. Rao; et al. NBSN and P. Rajaram, An electrochemical sensor for detection of hydrogen cyanide gas, Bull. Electrochem. 1997, 13(7): 27-329.

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